Ka palo, Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Matla (IEA) o kile oa lokolla "Tlaleho e Khethehileng ka Photovoltaic Global Supply Chain", e bontšang hore ho tloha 2011, Chaena e sebelisitse liranta tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 50 ho atolosa matla a tlhahiso ea thepa ea photovoltaic, e leng makhetlo a 10. ea Europe.China e thehile mesebetsi e fetang 300,000 ea tlhahiso;Indasteri ea tlhahiso ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e nka bonyane 80% ea matla a tlhahiso ea lefats'e ho lihokelo tsohle tsa tlhahiso ea liphanele tsa letsatsi, ho tloha lisebelisoa tsa silicon, li-ingots tsa silicon, li-wafers ho isa liseleng le li-module, tseo tse tlase ka ho fetesisa tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke thepa ea silicon (79.4%), le phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke silicon ingot (96,8%).IEA e boetse e bolela esale pele hore ka 2025, matla a tlhahiso ea China lihokelong tse itseng a tla nka karolo ea 95% kapa ho feta.

Ha ho makatse ha IEA e tla sebelisa "dominate" ho hlalosa boemo ba indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena, esita le ho bolela hore e beha tšokelo e itseng ho ketane ea phepelo ea photovoltaic lefatšeng ka bophara. mebuso e hloka ho sebetsana le eona."Haeba u e sheba ka mokhoa oa boleng, hoa thahasellisa le ho feta hore tlhaloso ea "New York Times" e nka indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e le tšokelo e kholo."Khopolo ea tšokelo" ea ho qetela e kanna ea ba 5G.

Empa liphanele tsa letsatsi ha se tsona feela sehokelo sa ketane ea boleng ba PV e laoloang ke lik'hamphani tsa China.Sehlooho sena se lebisa tlhokomelo ho sesebelisoa se seng se sa tsejoeng haholo, empa se bohlokoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le tsamaiso ea matla a matla a photovoltaic-photovoltaic inverter.

Inverter, pelo le boko ba photovoltaics

Mochine o motlakase oa photovoltaic o ka fetola motlakase o tobileng o hlahisoang ke mochine oa sele ea letsatsi hore o fetohe hona joale ka maqhubu a feto-fetohang 'me o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso le bophelo.Inverter e boetse e na le boikarabelo ba ho eketsa matla a ho hlahisa matla a liphanele tsa photovoltaic le ho fana ka tšireletso ea phoso ea tsamaiso, ho kenyelletsa empa e sa lekanyetsoe ho ts'ebetso ea othomathiki le mesebetsi ea ho koala, mesebetsi e mengata ea ho laola matla a ho latela matla, letoto la mesebetsi e hlokoang ke litsamaiso tse amanang le grid, joalo-joalo. .

Ka mantsoe a mang, ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea inverter ea photovoltaic e ka boela ea akaretsoa e le ho latela matla a mangata a tlhahiso ea photovoltaic module array, le ho fepa matla a eona ka har'a marang-rang ka tahlehelo e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ea phetoho le boleng bo botle ba matla.Ntle le "pelo le boko" ba tsamaiso ena ea photovoltaic, motlakase o hlahisoang ke lisele tsa letsatsi tsa morao-rao o ne o ke ke oa fumaneha ho batho.

Ho ea ka pono ea boemo ba ketane ea liindasteri, inverter e sebakeng se ka tlaase ho indasteri ea photovoltaic, 'me e kena khokahanyo nakong ea ho haha ​​​​mokhoa oa ho hlahisa matla (ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke mofuta ofe).

Ho ea ka pono ea litšenyehelo, karolo ea li-inverters tsa photovoltaic ka litšenyehelo ha e phahame.Ka kakaretso, karolo ea tsamaiso ea photovoltaic e ajoang e phahame ho feta ea limela tse kholo tsa matla a fatše.

Li-inverters tsa morao-rao tsa photovoltaic li na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho arola, e tloaelehileng le e bonolo ho e utloisisa, 'me e khetholloa ka mefuta ea lihlahisoa.Ho na le mefuta e mene haholo: bohareng, khoele, li-inverters tse ajoang le tse nyane.Har'a bona, micro-inverter e fapane haholo le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tharo, 'me e ka sebelisoa feela lits'ebetsong tse nyenyane tsa motlakase oa photovoltaic, tse kang photovoltaics ea lapeng,' me ha e tšoanelehe bakeng sa mekhoa e meholo.

Ho latela pono ea karohano ea mmaraka, li-inverters tsa likhoele li nkile boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetesisa, li-inverters tse bohareng li behiloe boemong ba bobeli ka lekhalo le leholo, 'me mefuta e meng e nka e nyane haholo.Ho latela lintlha tse fanoeng ke CPIA, li-inverters tsa likhoele li etsa 69.6%, li-inverters tse bohareng li etsa 27.7%, li-inverters tse ajoang li na le karolo ea 'maraka e ka bang 2.7%,' me li-inverters tse nyane ha li bonahale.lipalo-palo.

Lebaka leo ka lona lihlahisoa tsa morao-rao tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tsa li-inverter li leng tsa mofuta oa khoele ke hore: marang-rang a sebetsang a pharalletse 'me matla a ho hlahisa matla a matla a khanya e tlaase;inverter e le 'ngoe e laola likarolo tse seng kae tsa betri, ka kakaretso ke tse ngata feela, tse nyenyane haholo ho feta tse bohareng Palo ea lijenereithara tse likete, phello ea ho hlōleha ho neng ho sa lebelloa ho matla a kakaretso a ho hlahisa matla a batla a le tlaase;litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo li tlase, ho lemoha phoso ho batla ho le bonolo, 'me ha phoso e etsahala, nako ea ho rarolla mathata e khutšoanyane,' me ho hlōleha le tlhokomelo ho baka tahlehelo e fokolang.

Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho totobatsoa hore ho phaella ho limela tse matla tsa motlakase, indasteri ea photovoltaic e boetse e na le maemo a mangata a khethehileng a kopo, 'me ho na le mefuta e mengata ea photovoltaics e ajoang, e kang photovoltaics ea malapa, photovoltaics ea marulelo a fektheri, photovoltaic ea mohaho o phahameng. marako a lesira, joalo-joalo.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse joalo tsa motlakase oa photovoltaic, mmuso o boetse o na le merero e lumellanang.Mohlala, ho Leano la Ts'ebetsong la Ho Phahamisa Carbon Libakeng tsa Kaho ea Litoropo le Mahaeng le fanoeng ke Lekala la Matlo le Nts'etsopele ea Metse-Mahaeng le Komisi ea Naha ea Ntšetso-pele le Liphetoho ka Phupu, ho boleloa hore ka 2025, meaho e mecha ea litsi tsa sechaba, The roof. sekhahla sa tšireletso ea photovoltaic ea moaho o mocha oa fektheri o tla fihla ho 50%.Maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebeliso a na le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa li-inverters tsa photovoltaic, 'me ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea photovoltaic, phello ea mekhoa ea theknoloji ho indasteri e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa, ho etsa hore mohaho oa maraka oa li-inverters tsa photovoltaic o se ke oa tsitsa.

Mabapi le boholo ba 'maraka, ho lokela ho boleloa hore hobane ho feta k'hamphani e le' ngoe e etellang pele indastering ea inverter ha e so thathamisitsoe, tlhahiso e sa phethahalang ea tlhahisoleseling e bakile mathata a itseng a lipalo, e leng se bakileng phapang e itseng ho data e fanoeng ke litsi tse fapaneng ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea maemo.

Ho ea ka pono ea boholo ba 'maraka, ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa thomello: IHS Markit's PV inverter shipments ka 2021 e ka bang 218GW, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea hoo e ka bang 27%;Lintlha tsa Wood Mackenzie li feta 225GW, Keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 22%.

Lebaka leo ka lona indasteri ea hona joale ea photovoltaic inverter e nang le tlholisano e kholo ke haholo-holo ka lebaka la molemo o moholo oa theko o tlisoang ke bokhoni bo tsitsitseng ba ho laola litšenyehelo tsa likhoebo tsa malapeng.Mothating ona, hoo e batlang e le mofuta o mong le o mong oa inverter naheng ea China o na le monyetla o hlakileng oa litšenyehelo, 'me theko ka watt e ka ba 50% kapa esita le 20% ea litšenyehelo tsa mose ho maoatle.

Phokotso ea litšenyehelo le keketseho ea ts'ebetso ke tataiso ea ntlafatso

Nakong ena, li-inverters tsa photovoltaic tsa malapeng li thehile phaello e itseng ea tlhōlisano, empa ha e le hantle sena ha se bolele hore ha ho na monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa ho eketsehileng indastering.Litsela tse ka sehloohong tsa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo bakeng sa li-inverters tsa photovoltaic tsa nakong e tlang li tla lebisa tlhokomelo lintlheng tse tharo: sebaka sa libaka tsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa, ntlafatso ea matla a matla le mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji.

Mabapi le sebopeho sa litšenyehelo, lisebelisoa tse tobileng tsa li-inverters tsa photovoltaic li nka karolo e phahameng haholo, e fetang 80%, e ka aroloa ka likarolo tse 'nè: li-semiconductors tsa matla (haholo-holo li-IGBT), likarolo tsa mechine (likarolo tsa polasetiki, li-castings tsa die, li-radiator, Likarolo tsa tšepe tsa pampiri, joalo-joalo), lisebelisoa tse thusang (lisebelisoa tse sireletsang, lisebelisoa tsa ho paka, joalo-joalo), le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektronike (li-capacitor, inductors, li-circuits tse kopantsoeng, joalo-joalo).Theko e akaretsang ea thepa e sebelisoang ho li-inverters tsa photovoltaic e ameha haholo ke lisebelisoa tse tala tse holimo, bothata ba tlhahiso ha bo phahame, tlhōlisano ea 'maraka e se e lekane, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ho feta ho thata,' me sebaka sa bargaining se batla se lekanyelitsoe, se ke keng sa fana ka lintho tse ngata. thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tse ling tsa li-inverters.

Empa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor li fapane.Li-semiconductors tsa matla li nka 10% ho isa ho 20% ea litšenyehelo tsa inverter.Ke tsona likarolo tsa mantlha tsa ho hlokomela ts'ebetso ea inverter ea DC-AC ea inverter, le ho tseba ka kotloloho katleho ea phetoho ea lisebelisoa.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la litšitiso tse phahameng tsa indasteri ea IGBT, boemo ba sebaka sa sebaka sena ha bo phahame.

Sena se etsa hore li-semiconductors tsa matla li be le matla a theko e matla ho feta lisebelisoa tse ling.Hape ke khaello ea lefats'e ea semiconductor le keketseho ea litheko ho tloha ka 2021 e lebisitseng khatellong e hlakileng molemong oa li-inverters, mme phaello e felletseng ea lihlahisoa e fokotsehile haholo.Ka nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea li-semiconductors tsa lapeng, indasteri ea inverter e lebelletsoe ho hlokomela phetoho ea lehae ea li-IGBT nakong e tlang le ho fihlela phokotso ea litšenyehelo ka kakaretso.

Ho eketseha ha matla a matla ho bolela nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse nang le matla a phahameng ka tlas'a boima bo lekanang, kapa lihlahisoa tse bobebe tse tlas'a matla a tšoanang, ka tsela eo, ho hlapolla litšenyehelo tse tsitsitseng tsa likarolo tsa mohaho / lisebelisoa tse thusang le ho finyella sephetho sa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.Ho latela pono ea li-parameter tsa sehlahisoa, li-inverter tse fapaneng tsa hajoale li ntse li ntlafatsa matla a lekantsoeng le matla a matla.

Phetoho ea theknoloji e batla e otlolohile.Indasteri ea inverter e ka fihlela taolo ea litšenyehelo le ho bula menyetla ea phaello ka ho ntlafatsa moralo oa sehlahisoa, ho fokotsa lisebelisoa, ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, le ho fetohela ho lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle haholoanyane.

Lefatše le latelang, polokelo ea matla?

Ho phaella ho photovoltaics, tataiso e 'ngoe ea' maraka ea indasteri ea hona joale ea inverter ke polokelo ea matla a chesang ka ho lekana.

Ho hlahisa matla a photovoltaic, haholo-holo tsamaiso ea photovoltaic e ajoang, e na le nako ea tlhaho le ho hloka botsitso.Ho hokela lits'ebetsong tsa polokelo ea matla ho fihlela phepelo ea motlakase e tsoelang pele le e tsitsitseng ke tharollo e tsebahalang haholo.

E le ho finyella litlhoko tsa tsamaiso e ncha ea matla, ho ile ha e-ba le Sisteme ea Phetoho ea Matla (PCS; eo ka linako tse ling e bitsoang inverter ea polokelo ea matla molemong oa kutloisiso).PCS ke sistimi ea electrochemical e hokahanyang sistimi ea betri le marang-rang a matla ho lemoha phetolo ea bobeli ea matla a motlakase.Ha e khone feela ho fetolela motlakase o mong hore e be hona joale o tobileng ho tjhaja betri nakong ea thepa ea mojaro, empa e ka boela ea fetola motlakase o tobileng ka har'a betri ea polokelo hore e be hona joale nakong ea tlhōrō ea mojaro le ho hokela marang-rang..

Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mesebetsi e rarahaneng haholoanyane, marang-rang a matla a na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa li-inverters tsa polokelo ea matla, e leng se etsang hore ho be le keketseho e kholo ea likarolo tse sebelisoang, tse ka bang habeli tsa li-inverters tse tloaelehileng tsa photovoltaic.Ka nako e ts'oanang, mesebetsi e rarahaneng e boetse e tlisa lithibelo tse phahameng tsa theknoloji.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, le hoja kakaretso ea kakaretso e se kholo haholo, mochine oa polokelo ea matla o se o bontšitse phaello e babatsehang, 'me phaello e kholo ea phaello e na le molemo o moholo ho feta photovoltaic inverter.

Ho latela maemo a hajoale a indasteri, 'maraka oa polokelo ea matla mose ho maoatle o qalile pejana, mme tlhoko e matla ho feta ea Chaena.Likhamphani tsa malapeng ha li so thehe puso ea 'maraka e ts'oanang le ea likarolo tsa betri le li-inverter indastering.Leha ho le joalo, tekanyo ea 'maraka ea li-inverters tsa polokelo ea matla sethaleng sena ha e kholo,' me ho na le lekhalo le leholo le nang le li-inverters tsa photovoltaic.Ha ho na phapang e totobetseng ea tlhōlisano pakeng tsa lik'hamphani tsa lehae le tsa linaheng tse ling, e leng haholo-holo ka lebaka la khetho ea khoebo.

Bakeng sa likhoebo, le hoja ho na le litšitiso tse itseng tsa theknoloji, theknoloji ea li-inverters tsa polokelo ea matla le li-inverters tsa photovoltaic li na le tšimoloho e tšoanang, 'me ha ho thata haholo hore likhoebo li fetohe.'Me' marakeng oa malapeng, o tsamaisoang ke indasteri le leano, indasteri ea polokelo ea matla e kene nakong ea tsoelo-pele e potlakileng, e nang le kholo e kholo ea 'maraka le bonnete bo matla ba indasteri, e leng tataiso e hlakileng ea nts'etsopele ea khoebo bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa inverter.

Ha e le hantle, lik'hamphani tse ngata li ruile molemo litebellong tse ntle tsa indasteri ea polokelo ea matla.Ho latela ts'ebetso ea 2021, mehala ea khoebo ea polokelo ea matla ea lik'hamphani tse ngata e bonts'itse kholo e matla.Le hoja khōlo ena e na le kamano e itseng le motheo o tlaase, ho lekane ho paka hore nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso ea thepa e amanang le polokelo ea matla e na le bonnete bo matla, 'me ha ho pelaelo hore e na le mohopolo o motle oa khoebo le kholo.

Tsela ea nakong e tlang ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa li-inverters tsa polokelo ea matla e boetse e batla e hlakile, e sa fapaneng haholo le li-inverters tsa photovoltaic.E tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fokotsa theko ea likarolo, haholo-holo phetoho ea sebaka sa sebaka sa li-semiconductors tsa matla.Kaha palo ea likarolo tse sebelisoang e kholoanyane, e hlahisoang ka hare ho naha Phello ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo e tlisoang ke ho nkela sebaka e ka ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsehileng.

Haeba lik'hamphani tsa inverter li potlakisa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa li-converter tsa polokelo ea matla, li itšetlehile ka nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla le melemo e tsitsitseng ea tlhōlisano ea li-inverters tse amanang le marang-rang, re na le mabaka 'ohle a ho lumela hore indasteri ea lehae e na le monyetla o mong le o mong oa ho itšetleha ka China. Melemo ea tlhahiso, tlhahiso ea katleho ea indasteri ea photovoltaic ka har'a ketane ea boleng ba polokelo ea matla, le katleho ea khoebo ea likhoebo tsa malapeng le tsona ke liphello tsa tlhaho.